第三章 第五节 熟悉键盘
E 迅速录机共有 26 个按键，左右对称分布，分别由左右手操作，每边各 13 个按键。
3–5 Keyboard Familiarization
The EXun keyboard layout has 26 keys, laid out in two symmetrical sides, 13 keys on each side, operated separately by each hand.
一、键位识记
左右每边又各分声码区和韵码区，这样既保证了双手能够同时敲击键盘，又保证了每只手能通过声韵相拼独立打出一个汉字，从而实现双手协同操作时一击打出两个汉字。Ｅ迅速记机的打字速度之所以特别快，基本原理就在于此。
1. Keyboard Layout Familiarization
The left and right side are each further divided into an initial bank and a final bank. This design ensures that both hands can hit the keys at once, while also allowing each hand to write a complete Chinese character independently by combining the initial and final on each side. It is possible to write two characters in one keystroke if both hands are used. This is why the EXun system is especially fast.
二、五指分工
- 拇 指——负责控制
B、D、I三键 - 食 指——负责控制
R、F、H、L四键 - 中 指——负责控制
A、U两键 - 无名指——负责控制
N、O两键 - 小 指——负责控制
V、G两键
2. Finger Assignments
- The thumb is responsible for three keys:
B,D,I - The index finger is responsible for four keys:
R,F,H,L - The middle finger is responsible for two keys:
A,U - The ring finger is responsible for two keys:
N,O - The pinky is responsible for two keys:
V,G
不击键时，五指要始终保持在基准键位上，分别为：
- 拇 指——
B键与D键的中缝 - 食 指——
H键与L键的中缝 - 中 指——
A键 - 无名指——
N键 - 小 指——
G键
请注意，要用指尖外侧面接触键面，手腕悬空，手指半屈，手掌及手腕不要压在键盘或腿上。
When not actively hitting keys, your fingers should stay in the home position, which is as follows:
- Thumb between the
BandDkeys - Index finger between the
HandLkeys - Middle finger on the
Akey - Ring finger on the
Nkey - Pinky on the
Gkey
Remember to use the outer edge of your fingertips to press the keys. Keep your wrists suspended, your fingers slightly bent, and make sure that your palms and wrists are not resting on the keyboard or your legs.
三、动作要领
练习速记技能是一个比较枯燥的过程，尤其是最初的编码学习阶段，必须要经过一段时间苦练，才能达到应用自如的程度。练习速记虽然没有捷径，但却是有方法的。在刚开始练习时，切忌不要求快，必须把每个指法的按键动作分解开，认真分析按下、抬起、转换等各个动作的最佳方式，确保动作幅度最小、最优雅、最省力、最流畅、最连贯，实现一连串击键动作如行云流水般一气呵成，这样方能为以后的提速打下良好基础。一个坏习惯养成可能很难，但如果等它养成后再想改正，那就更难了。所以大家开始练习时一定要用心去理解标准动作设计的合理性，认真分析自己的动作是否合理、连贯。
并击击键的动作不同于我们平时在键盘上的按键动作，关键需要做到以下几点：
- 手掌根部轻轻抬起，呈悬腕状态，不能放在键盘托上；
- 手腕与手背保持直线，手背不能向上拱起；
- 手指半曲，自然收拢，指尖外侧面轻触键面；
- 触键必须做到快速准确、有弹性地“击”，不能缓慢地“按”；
- 一般情况下，每完成一次击键，双手需要完全抬起，让所有按键完全放开后，再进行下次击键。不过，E 迅专业速记机允许在部分按键不完全抬起的情况下，也可以完成下一组击键动作，所以最快的击键方式是“抬而不离，轻触键面”。但无论哪种击键方式，都应该避免抬手过高。
经过对上百名速录师（从初级到高级都有）的击键动作进行科学统计分析，我们发现优秀的速录师和一般速记员在指法动作上有明显区别。下面所列的几种典型错误动作，会对以后的提速产生严重影响，请大家务必理解和避免。
手指手臂僵硬无弹性——手指手臂始终处于紧张状态，初学者尤其容易犯这个毛病，打不了多久就手臂酸痛了。正确的击键动作一定要注意发力和放松的节奏与方法。
手腕和肘部转动——部分学员由于手小，或者小指、无名指力量不够，就借助腕部转动的力量来弥补，这样会导致肘部张合、肩关节运动，甚至整个身体左右晃动。由于运动幅度大，还会严重限制击键速率的提高。正确的方法应该是类似弹钢琴按和弦那样的方式，即上臂自然放松靠近身体两侧，手腕除了因应指法必要的水平方向运动外尽量保持不动，靠手指发力和前臂直上直下运动的力量来上下击键，手腕的力量主要用于保持手型在击键时不变。一般来说，手比较大的学员，可使用前臂和手腕基本不动、手掌和手指发力的方式来击键，这样运动幅度最小，击键频率也容易达到较高水平；而手比较小的学员，适合使用指法手形固定、前臂上下小幅运动的方式来击键，通过一段时间训练后，击键频率也能达到足够高的水平。
手指平伸张开——手指平伸张开铺在按键上，击键时手指需先收拢抬起。这是个完全多余的动作，正确的基准手形应该是半握空心拳的状态，五指略微分开，轻触基准键位。
手形不固定——对于同样的音节码，击键时手指与键帽接触的位置不确定，最常见的表现就是频繁丢键（少键）或带键（多键）。正确做法应该是将每个音节码的指法、以及音节码之间转换的动作都通过练习固定下来，每次触键时手指和键帽保持基本相同的位置，这样才能形成真正的“手指记忆”效果。
击键运动幅度太大——手抬起很高后按下，运动距离过长，这样会对提高击键频率产生障碍。要达到高速击键，手的动作幅度必须尽量小。
击键力量太大——击键很用力，声音很大。这也是完全没必要的，无论标准键盘还是专业速记机，按键所需力量都不大，轻轻按下就能完成，这样既能提高击键频率，还能减小击键声音。
摸键归位——表现为一组指法完成后，找不到基准键位，需要摸一下按键让手指归位，然后才开始下一组指法的击键。应通过手指间的相对感觉来记忆按键位置，当按键记熟后，不仅不能摸键，连归位的动作都不能有。
击键节奏混乱——熟练自如的并击击键声音是整齐并富有节奏感的，若在提高击键频率时听到噼里啪啦的混乱击键声，就应及时降低击键速度， 待动作稳定后再尝试更高的速度。
3. Proper Technique
Practicing stenotype is a very tedious process, especially very early on while learning theory, and requires a period of training until you can reach proficiency. While there are no shortcuts to mastery, there are some methods to follow. When you first start practicing, it is important to resist the urge to rush, instead taking your time with each stroke to ensure that your fingers are moving as smoothly, and minimally as possible. This lets you write even entire sentences in a seamless flow, which lays a solid foundation for increasing your speed later on. Forming a bad habit can be hard, but correcting it after that can be even harder, so as you begin your study, you should make an effort to understand these movements and analyze whether your own actions are accurate.
The technique for pressing multiple keys at once differs from the typing technique on a conventional keyboard. The key requirements are:
- Gently lift the base of your palms, keeping your wrists suspended. Do not rest your palms on the keyboard wrist rest.
- Keep your wrists and the backs of your hands in a straight line. Do not allow the backs of your hands to arch.
- Keep your fingers naturally curved and drawn together, allowing only the tips of your fingers to just barely touch the surface of the keys.
- Each keystroke must be a fast and precise strike, rather than a slow press;
- After writing a keystroke, completely lift both hands from the keyboard to ensure no keys are pressed before proceeding to the next keystroke. However, the EXun machine allows you to start the next keystroke even if some keys have not fully returned to their resting position, so the fastest keystroke technique involves lifting just enough to disengage the keys while maintaining some contact with the surface. Regardless of which method you prefer to use, always avoid raising your hands too high.
Based on a scientific analysis of the keystrokes of hundreds of stenographers between beginner and advanced levels, we have found marked differences in fingering technique between skilled professionals and average stenographers. The typical errors listed below can severely affect your ability to increase writing speed, so understanding and avoiding them is crucial.
Stiff and rigid fingers and arms: The fingers and arms are constantly tensed, which leads to aches after only a short time. Beginner writers are especially prone to this. Proper technique requires close attention to the rhythm and method of applying force.
Wrist and elbow rotation: Some students with smaller hands or whose pinky and ring fingers aren't particularly strong attempt to compensate by rotating their wrists. This means the elbows flare outward, which causes shoulder movement and could result in the entire body moving from side to side. Excessive motion severely slows down your writing. Steno writing should look like piano playing: upper arms remain relaxed and positioned close to the sides of the body; wrists remain stationary, only moving as needed to write specific chords; while the keystrokes are executed by moving the forearms up and down. The wrists must maintain a consistent shape throughout the process. Students with larger hands may adopt a position where the forearms and wrists remain stationary, relying instead on the palms and fingers to execute the keystrokes; this approach minimizes the range of motion and is ideal for reaching high writing speeds. Conversely, students with smaller hands are better suited to a technique with fixed finger placement and hand shape, combined with slight vertical movement of the forearms, which can also enable them to achieve high writing speeds over time with consistent practice.
Fingers flat and splayed out: The fingers are retracted and lifted when hitting a key. This movement is unnecessary; the hand position should have the five fingers slightly parted and touching the keys in the home position.
Inconsistent finger positions: When writing the same chord, the point of contact between the finger and the keycap varies. This usually manifests as frequently missed keys or accidental added keys. The correct approach involves practising the fingering for each chord, as well as the transitions between then, such that the point of contact remains identical with every stroke, in order to train muscle memory.
Excessive motion: lifting the hands before stroking, results in the hands travelling an unnecessary long distance, hindering writing speed. To achieve high speeds, movements must be kept to an absolute minimum.
Excessive force: striking the keys too hard is unnecessary, whether using a keyboard or a steno machine. The amount of force needed to actuate keys is minimal. This not only increases writing speed but reduces the noise produced by keystrokes.
Finger repositioning: the inability to locate home position immediately after writing a sequence of keystrokes, resulting in feeling for the keys to guide the fingers back to it. Instead learn the locations of the keys based on the relative positions of the fingers. Once you've learned the key layout thoroughly, you should not need to physically search for the keys.
Irregular rhythm: Fluid writing is uniform and rhythmic; if it turns chaotic and clattering when you increase speed, slow down immediately, and wait until your strokes are more stable before attempting a higher speed again.